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panel kawalan pam

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PANEL KAWALAN PAM OBJEKTIF Memandangkan beberapa masalah timbul akibat dari operasi pam air (water pump) yang tidak dapat dipantau, maka panel kawalan ini dibuat. Antara fungsi yang tunjukkan dan dikawal oleh panel ini adalah :- 1 - Lampu penunjuk (pilot lamp) yang akan menyala apabila pam dihidupkan. Setiap pam mempunyai lampu penunjuk sendiri. 2 - Litar pemasa (timer relay) yang akan membenarkan pam dihidupkan secara berterusan untuk satu jangka masa yang ditetapkan. 3 - Litar pemutus menggunakan geganti (relay) akan mematikan (trip) bekalan kuasa ke pam, jika masa pemasa (2) sampai. 4 - Seterusnya, litar amaran yang memberitahu jika ada pam yang telah dimatikan secara automatic. 5 – Disediakan satu butang “reset” untuk menghidupkan kembali pam yang telah dimatikan oleh litar (3). PENERANGAN LITAR Litar ringkas adalah seperti dibawah:- Dari litar tersebut, panel kawalan disambungkan kepada beberapa lokasi komponen yang berbeza. Gambar dan kedudukan panel...
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220V AC siren circuit

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220V AC siren circuit  See Other projects in :  Alarm systems  •  Mini Projects  And:  Alarm sounds ,  Sirens   Posted by admin - May 16, 2014 at 12:33 am This circuit is a simple siren circuit that use 220V AC as power supply. It is small size and use a piezo speaker cause use low power and saving. How it works This circuit is shown as  Figure 1  which we use power source by reducing AC-voltage of 220 volts down by the resistors-R1, R2 ; the capacitor-C1 act as coupling AC-voltage. Secondly, the current will rectifier into DC voltage by diode bridge D1-D4. And there is C2 function to filter steady DC current. Figure 1 The simple 220V AC siren circuit. The some voltage will flow to emitter lead of Q5 and other will is sent to R3-R6 to reduce voltage to ZD1 before, which it will maintain the steady (DC) current regulated supply at about 9.1 volts. The capacitor-C3 will smooth or filter the pulsating voltage from a p...
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A LITTLE ABOUT AIR CON

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The  build  quality and type of thermal insulation varies so greatly in the Algarve that sometimes this is difficult to easily quantify. A very simple and more accurate way of finding out how much your air conditioning is costing is to turn off all your major appliances in the villa and take an initial meter reading. Come back after an hour and take another meter reading and minus this from the initial reading which will indicate your energy consumption in KW per Hour as a base rate. Turn on all your aircon units on maximum and come back after an hour and take a final reading. Use this formula to estimate your maximum aircon consumption: final reading - (base rate)*2 - initial reading = KW per hour energy consumption of your air conditioning units at maximum. Check your EDP bill and there will be a Euro Rate per KW hour and use this to calculate how much it is costing per hour. You might be surprised at the cost. The reason for this is that most of the cheaper ai...
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